This prompted mass replanting that required vast amounts of European vines to be grafted onto American rootstocks. Initially, some grafting 2 spread diseases. Both yields and quality of these newly planted, grafted vines varied. The need for reliability and consistency spurred several valuable vine breeding and propagation programs throughout Europe.
Before and after phylloxera, European growers devoted to quality would select their best vines for propagation 3. This is still practiced widely today. But even carefully chosen, virus-free, sanitarily grafted vines had unpredictable traits, like variable yield or uneven ripening.
So, researchers developed a new process. They took cuttings from vines with specific and desirable traits. All the cuttings could be traced directly to the initial mother vine, and all shared the same DNA. Clonal selection was born. The practice began in Germany during the 19th century, but was fully established by the s 4. Clonal selection is a slow, costly process that requires years of observation and propagation.
It enables growers to plant vines with reliable and predictable traits. Initially, clonal selection allowed growers to ensure commercially viable yields for fussy varieties like Pinot Noir. But throughout the 20th century, the aims of clonal selection evolved in tandem with other preoccupations of the times. When the official French clonal selection for Pinot Noir began in the s 5 , the climate was cooler.
Growers needed to ensure that grapes would ripen sufficiently, so they selected traits like good sugar accumulation and early ripening. Later, once ripening was ensured, traits that improved wine quality like color, stability and tannin structure became important, too. In Germany, where official clones had been developed much earlier, growers tended to prioritize Pinot Noir clones that grew in looser bunches on the vine, because those grapes were less susceptible to botrytis rot.
The first official French clones 6 of Pinot Noir were released in , numbered from to If more vigorous rootstocks are used he recommends more aggressive canopy management. Shaffer concurs arguing that high vigour rootstocks delay ripening, whereas low vigour ones achieve batter balance and better quality fruit.
SO4 showed larger numbers of berries per cluster and the clusters were the heaviest.. These variable results suggest diversity of rootstocks should be preferred. Rathfinny in Sussex have preferred Fercal as it is deeper rooting and promotes early ripening. In contrast Gusbourne uses a combination of S04 and on its clay and sandy, clay loam site in Kent as does New House Farm in Bodiam.
Exton have had less success with a small batch of SO4 planted on chalk but they have successfully used an iron chelate machine injection system to mitigate this. In regard to clones themselves Skelton recommends a number of CIVC Clones for English sparkling ,,,,,,,, and Burgundy clone on SO4 had the highest sugar level and a darkest colour.
Kemp , compared of clones , ,, and and a further final analysis of and in Ontario. At similar planting densities to the UK, and showed significantly higher yields than than the Burgundy clones mainly due to greater number of clusters per vine and higher berry weight.
Cowham and Ann Hurn in an Australian study found clone had the highest yield of all clones studied, highest bunch number per vine , highest bunch weight and highest berry weight and superior fertility. Most English producers are sticking to classic Champagne clones but there is also experimentation with mixed Geisenheim clones which offer an interesting alternative. Gusbourne have planted , and Gm at both sites and in West Sussex. John Pollard, concurs that the Geisenheim clone offers better Botrytis resistance.
Exton has , , , and planted, Westwell has , and and New House Farm has and In conclusion — it remains a period of experimentation and without industry wide controlled analysis individual growers are running their own trials to determine what works best.
These synonyms are officially recognized in France regarding plant propagation material. Legal information. In France, Pinot noir is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. Evolution of cultivated areas in France. Descriptive elements.
The identification is based on: - the tip of the young shoot with a medium to high density of prostate hairs, - the green or yellow young leaves, - the shoots with red-striped internodes, - the dark or very dark green adult leaves, entire or with three or five lobes, with a slightly open or closed petiole sinus, with lobes facing each other towards the lower side of the blade in a coxcomb shape, short teeth, a twisted, strongly blistered leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of prostate hairs, - the round-shaped or slightly ellipsoid berries.
Genetic profile. Bud burst: 2 days after Chasselas. Grape maturity: early-season, half a week to 1 week after Chasselas. Suitability for cultivation and agronomic production. Pinot noir is particularly adapted to temperate climate zones. This variety gives best results in clay-limestone terroirs. Remember me Log in. Lost your password? Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy.
What is a clone and what are pinot noir clones? What are Pinot Noir Clones? A very brief history of pinot noir clones in Australia… When vineyards on a commercial scale were being established in Australia, the approach was a little more haphazard than it is today. Why are pinot noir clones important?
Thrives in cool climate regions and produces sweet strawberry flavours and a soft palate D2V6 : A Davis clone originating from California. When grown in our region, D2V6 produces darker fruit flavours and tannin structure.
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