But there are many reasons some take much longer to complete. Often, there are technical reasons for delays in reporting results. For instance, certain types of body tissues take longer to process than others. Bone and other hard tissues that contain a lot of calcium need special handling.
These tissues must be treated with strong acids or other chemicals to remove the minerals so that the tissue becomes soft enough to be thinly sectioned sliced. This takes extra time. Another technical reason for delay is that the formalin solution used for preserving tissues takes longer to penetrate samples with lots of fatty tissue such as breast biopsies. So, an extra day of fixation formalin treatment is sometimes necessary. Large samples, such as when an entire organ is removed, might also require more than one day for the formalin to soak into the tissue.
For most large samples, only selected areas are processed and examined under the microscope. After the first sections of tissue are seen under the microscope, the pathologist might want to look at more sections for an accurate diagnosis. In these cases, extra pieces of tissue might need processing.
A liver biopsy is done at a hospital or outpatient center. You'll likely arrive early in the morning. Percutaneous biopsy. To begin your procedure, your doctor will locate your liver by tapping on your abdomen or using ultrasound images. In certain situations, ultrasound might be used during the biopsy to guide the needle into your liver.
You'll lie on your back and position your right hand above your head on the table. Your doctor will apply a numbing medication to the area where the needle will be inserted. The doctor then makes a small incision near the bottom of your rib cage on your right side and inserts the biopsy needle. The biopsy itself takes just a few seconds. As the needle passes quickly in and out of your liver, you'll be asked to hold your breath. Transjugular biopsy. You'll lie on your back on an X-ray table.
Your doctor applies a numbing medication to one side of your neck, makes a small incision and inserts a flexible plastic tube into your jugular vein. The tube is threaded down the jugular vein and into the large vein in your liver hepatic vein. Your doctor then injects a contrast dye into the tube and makes a series of X-ray images. The dye shows up on the images, allowing the doctor to see the hepatic vein.
A biopsy needle is then threaded through the tube, and one or more liver samples are removed. The catheter is carefully removed, and the incision on your neck is covered with a bandage. Laparoscopic biopsy. This enables the surgeon to get a preliminary result, which can be used to help guide treatment while it's in progress. Your GP, hospital consultant or practice nurse will give you your results and explain what they mean.
A biopsy is sometimes inconclusive, which means it hasn't produced a definitive result. In this case, the biopsy may need to be repeated, or other tests may be required to confirm your diagnosis. Page last reviewed: 10 August Next review due: 10 August When a biopsy may be needed A biopsy can be used to investigate abnormalities, which can be: functional — such as kidney or liver problems structural — such as swelling in a particular organ When the tissue sample is examined under the microscope, abnormal cells may be identified, which can help to diagnose a specific condition.
Examples of conditions where a biopsy may be helpful include: cancer inflammation, such as in the liver hepatitis or kidney nephritis infection, such as in lymph nodes — for example, tuberculosis various skin conditions It's not usually possible to tell whether a lump or growth on your skin or inside your body is cancerous malignant or non-cancerous benign by clinical examination alone, which is why a biopsy is often required.
Types of biopsy There are various types of biopsy that can be used to help identify a wide range of health conditions. Different types of biopsy include: a punch biopsy — a special instrument punches a small hole in the skin to obtain a skin sample to investigate a skin condition a needle biopsy — a special hollow needle, guided by X-ray , ultrasound , CT scan or MRI scan , is used to obtain tissue from an organ or from tissue underneath the skin an endoscopic biopsy — an endoscope is used to remove tissue, such as from the stomach during a gastroscopy an excision biopsy — surgery is used to remove a larger section of tissue perioperative biopsy — if consent has been given, a perioperative biopsy can be carried out during surgery; in certain circumstances, the sample may be tested straightaway to help guide the surgery or further treatment How a biopsy is carried out will depend on where the tissue sample is being taken from.
You will then be asked to lie on your right side so that the weight of your body presses on the wound. This is to make sure the wound clots to aid healing. It also means that you will need to remain in bed on your side or on your back for up to six or eight hours so you are advised to go to the toilet before the liver biopsy. There is a very small risk of either internal bleeding or bile leaking from the liver, but this is rare.
You may experience pain or discomfort during or after the liver biopsy. Not all people do, but varying degrees of pain are not uncommon. You should be provided with adequate pain relief after your biopsy, and once you have completed the recovery stage after the liver biopsy you can usually go home. Your liver biopsy sample is sent to a pathologist a doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tissues who will examine it under a microscope and produce a report.
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